Compare the Cost of Common Home Heating Energy Sources

An easy way to get a general idea of Energy Pricing for Residential Customers.
Note – all calculations are for one million BTUs- delivered to the space to be heated.

Compare what it costs to deliver one million BTU of heat to your living space. Change any price to use your own; the results update as you type.

$ per kWh · shared by all electric heating methods
Heating methodYour priceCost per million BTU delivered

Gas and oil

Natural gas90% efficiency$ per therm
Propane (LP)90% efficiency$ per gallon
Heating oil85% efficiency$ per gallon

Electric heating

Air-source heat pump — northern exampleSeasonal COP 2.5Shared electricity price
Air-source heat pump — southern exampleSeasonal COP 3.4Shared electricity price
Ground-source heat pumpCOP 4.2Shared electricity price
Electric resistance (in-room)100% efficiencyShared electricity price

Wood and pellets

Wood pellets80% efficiency$ per ton
Hardwood firewood75% efficiency$ per cord
Softwood firewood75% efficiency$ per cord

Coal

Anthracite coal80% efficiency$ per ton
Short ton = 2,000 lb; cord = full cord.

This compares the cost of fuel or electricity used to produce heat, using the illustrative efficiencies shown. Actual costs also depend on the equipment, installation, weather, and where heat is delivered. Purchase, maintenance, and other ownership costs are excluded.

Additional Notes:
We are calculating using the most efficient available appliances.
How much heat is a Million BTU? One person uses that much heat for their DHW (Showers, baths, etc.) in a month. It also reflects the amount of heat used in 24 hours on the coldest day (24 hours) – in a larger (or poorly insulated) New England or upper Midwest house.